Features of HRM

Human resources refers to the people that work for an organization and the capabilities of these people. The fun resource management covers (HRM) all the activities that are designed to acquire, preserve, develop and use th in an organization. The basic purpose of HRM is to make effective and efficient use of human resources of an o towards achievement of the goals and objectives of the organization. The various areas of influence of the HRM include the following. Determination of the right quality and quantity of different types of human resource assets required by th meet its current and future requirements. Determining and implementing business policies and practices that are best suited to acquire, develop, re effectively the human resources in the organization. ?Recruitment of people. Ongoing management of activities related to remuneration of people and development and maintenance organizational culture and work environment, conducive to effective and efficient working of people as groups. ?Providing support for recruitment of the required people in the organization. Providing support for decision making on increment, promotions, transfer and other similar people relate organization. Providing support for ongoing development and training of the people, in line with requirement of the or current availability of skills and capabilities. Pervasive Force: HRM is pervasive in nature. Ii is present in all enterprises. It permeates all levels of organization Action Oriented: HRM focuses attention on action rather than on record keeping, written proced problems of employees at work are solved through rational policies. Individually Oriented: It tries to help employees develop their full potential. It encourages them to gi organization. It motivates employees through a systematic process of recruitment, selection, training coupled with fare wages. People Oriented: HRM is all about at work, both as individuals and groups. It tries to put people on ass to produce good results. The resultant gains are used to reward people and motivate tem towards furthe productivity. Future Oriented: Effective HRM helps an organization meet its goals in the future by providingwell-motivated employees. Development Oriented: HRM intends to develop the full potential of employees. The reward structure is of employees. Training is offered to sharpen and improve their skills. Employees are rotated on variou gain experience and exposure. Every attempt is made to use their talents fully in the service of organizat Integrating mechanism: HRM tries to build and maintain cordial relations between people working at v organization. IN short, it tries to integrate human assets in the best possible manner in the service of an o Comprehensive function: HRM is to some extent concerned with any organizational decision wh workforce or the potential workforce. Auxiliary Service: HR department exist to assist and advise the line or operating managers to do their pe effectively. HR manager is a specialist advisor. It is a staff function. Inter-disciplinary function: HRM is a multi-disciplinary activity, utilizing knowledge and inputs drawn sociology, anthropology, economic etc. To unravel the mystery surrounding the human brain, managers and appreciate the contributions of all such â€Å"soft† disciplines Continuous function: According to Terry, HRM is not a one shot deal. It cannot be practiced only one h week. It requires a constant alertness and awareness of human relations and their importance in everyday Explain On-Job and Off Job Training. Trainings in an organization can be divided to two broad types. They are on-the-job trainings and off-the-jon-the-job trainings are given to the employees while they are conducting their regular works at the same place do not lose time while they are training or learning. After a plan is developed for what should be taught, em informed about the details. A time table should be establish with periodic evaluations to inform employees ab On-the-job training techniques include orientations, job instruction training, apprenticeships, internships, rotation and coaching. Employee training at the place of work while he or she is doing the actual job. Usually a professional trainer experienced employee) serves as the course instructor using hands-on training often supported by formalclassr Training methods are usually classified by the location of instruction. On-the-job training: With on the job training, employees receive training whilst remaining in the workplace. The main methods of one-the-job training include: *Demonstration / instruction – showing the trainee how to do the job Coaching – a more intensive method of training that involves a close working relationship between an experienced employee and the trainee *Job rotation – where the trainee is given several jobs in succession, to gain experience of a wide range of acti (e. g. a graduate management trainee might spend periods in several different departments) *Projects – employees join a project team – which gives them exposure to other parts of the busines s and allow to take part in new activities. Most successful project teams are â€Å"multi-disciplinary†. OFF-THE-JOB training. This occurs when employees are taken away from their place of work to be trained. Common methods of include: Under this method of training, the trainee is separated from the job situation and his attention is focuse material related to his future job performance. Off-the-job techniques include lectures, special study, audio or discussions, case studies, role playing, simulation, programmed instructions, and laboratory trainin techniques are too costly. This is any form of training which takes place away from the immediate wor training includes more general skills and knowledge useful for work, as well as job-specific training. rovided by specialist trainers working for National Grid or by an outside company hired to help with tr training is particularly effective for non-technical skills, as employees can use these across different areas of Off Job training methods are as follows: a)Vestibule training: In this method, actual work conditions are stimulated in a c lass room. Material, files, an that are used in actual job performance are also used in the training. b)Role playing: It is defined as a method of human interaction that involves realistic behavior in imaginary situ of training involves action, doing and practice.

Kohl’s

Kohl's Corporation is an American department store chain headquartered in the Milwaukee suburb of Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin, operating as of September 2011, 1,089 stores in 49 states. In 1998, it entered the S;P 500 list, and is also listed in the Fortune 500 (#135 in 2010). The chain was the 20th-largest retailer in the United States in 2011 in terms of revenue. Kohl's is the 4th largest US department store by sales, below JCPenney, and above Nordstrom. BeginningsMaxwell Kohl, who had previously operated traditional grocery stores, built his first supermarket in 1946, the first in what would become a southeastern Wisconsin chain known as Kohl's Food Stores. In 1962, he started his first department store, Kohl's Department Store, in Brookfield, Wisconsin. He positioned Kohl's between the higher-end department stores and the discounters, selling everything from candy to engine oil to sporting equipment. In 1972 the British-American Tobacco Company's US retail division, BATUS Inc. bou ght a controlling interest in Kohl's Corporation, which at the time operated 50 grocery stores, six department stores, three drug stores and three liquor stores. The Kohl family, led by Allen and Herbert Kohl, continued to manage the company. The family left the management in 1979, and Herbert Kohl became a United States Senator and owner of the Milwaukee Bucks. The firm then expanded Kohl's presence from 10 to 39 stores in Wisconsin, Illinois and Indiana. The grocery stores were sold to A&P in 1983, operating under the name Kohl's Food Store, and later Kohl's Food Emporium.In February 2003, A&P put the Kohl's Food Stores up for sale, as part of an effort to reduce debt. In June 2003, A;P announced their plans to close all Kohl's Food Stores and administrative offices. By the end of 2003, all Kohl's Food Stores locations were closed. Expansion A group of investors, including the senior management, purchased the company in 1986, and the company added 27 more stores in the next two ye ars. In 1988, the chain acquired 26 locations from Chicago-based MainStreet, gaining several stores in Chicago's suburbs, Minneapolis, Minnesota and parts ofMichigan. In 1992, the company went public and a period of expansion began. Kohl's entered mid-Atlantic markets in 1997 (opening in many former locations of Clover, an offshoot of the Strawbridge's corporation brand department stores in the Philadelphia region); Texas, Missouri and the Northeast in 1999 (the latter market resulting from its purchase of many former Caldor locations); Georgia and the Southeast in 2001; New England in 2002; California and the Southwest in 2003; and the Northwest in 2006.In April 2005, the company opened stores in Florida and other Southern states. Kohl's has replaced many former Mervyns stores in the western U. S. Kohl's design office opened in January 2007, located in the heart of New York's garment district. The 23,000-square-foot (2,100Â  m2) facility, located at 1359 Broadway, is the company's first product-design facility in the nation's fashion capital. Existing stores are undergoing renovations to make them more modern and more like up-scale department stores.These re-modeled stores must be of a certain age and profit group in order to qualify for remodeling. On October 13, 2009, Kohl's announced it was closing its oldest distribution center, located in Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin, in order to more efficiently service its expanding number of stores. The inventory from the Menomonee Falls distribution center was moved to a newer distribution center in Ottawa, Illinois. In late 2010, Kohl's opened 40 new stores in the 2011 fiscal year. As of January 2011, Kohl's stores were in 49 of the 50 states (only excluding Hawaii. )

Review Related Literature

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE I. INTRODUCTION This review of related literature focuses on how to process used to automate a sales order fulfillment process. Such a system contains a list of order to be filled, and then prompts workers to pick the necessary items, and provides them with packaging and shipping. The said business needs an inventory system to help them to record the tracking of the business flow and help them to make it easier for them to monitor items. This inventory system involved the progresses of the daily process of buying and selling of their products.LOCAL LITERATURE * Julie’s Bakeshop System Since 1999, Julie’s Franchise Corporation has garnered a string of Franchise Excellence Awards for consistently high achievements of growth and development in all aspects of franchise operations that uphold the stringent standards of the Julie’s Bakeshop System: Quality; Customer Service; Cleanliness; Sanitation; Maintenance; and Reliable Mana gement. They Transacting Business and Visitors who register to transact business on the site and make use of the various services offered by Julie’s bakeshop.They use Personally Identifiable Information to customize the Site, to make appropriate service offerings, and to fulfill buying and selling requests on the Site. We may email Visitors and Authorized Customers about research or purchase and selling opportunities on the Site or information related to the subject matter of the Site. We may also use Personally Identifiable Information to contact Visitors and Authorized Customers in response to specific inquiries, or to provide requested information. Goldilocks System Goldilocks was opened in 1966 as a family business and started as a simple one-door apartment in a two-story structure at 2300 Pasong Tamo Street in Makati. It first opened its US branch in 1976, at Artesia, California. Goldilocks uses login information, including, but not limited to, IP addresses, ISPs, and br owser types, to analyze trends, administer the Site, track a user’s movement and use, and gather broad demographic information. FOREIGN LITERATURE ‘sponge and dough’ system of Franz Family Bakeries Franz Family Bakeries has produced bread products in the North Western US since 1906 and commissioned a $42m bakery in Springfield, Oregon, as part of a centennial celebration To produce its breads and buns, Franz uses a ‘sponge-and-dough' system. Sponges are produced in a 2,000lb horizontal mixer and receive a 4-4. 5 hour ferment at a temperature of 80? F and 80% relative humidity in an automated fermentation room with a capacity of 9,000lb per hour. The semi-automated fermentation room for the bun line produces 5,000lb an hour.Two 2,500lb horizontal mixers feed the bread line every 10 minutes with a continuous stream of chunks feeding the divider. The bun line has a 1,200lb sponge mixer and 1,600lb horizontal mixer from where the dough is sent to the divider ev ery 12 minutes. * Spooner Vicars Bakery Systems Spooner Vicars Bakeries is to be the world leader in ‘Total Supply ; Service† to our customer base and increase market leadership, through faster responses, on-time deliveries, professionalism, quality and technological advancement and to be the best in our industry.Spooner Vicars Bakery Systems may use cookies for the purpose of improving user experience and to facilitate the transfer of data between the site and the individual. Data submitted to the site may be transferred within Spooner Vicars Bakery Systems, including to subsidiaries, strictly in order to fulfill or expedite a user's request. Data submitted to this site will not be shared or sold to any outside parties, unless specifically requested by the user.

Is about the fast food and the healthy life Essay

Is about the fast food and the healthy life - Essay Example Food manufacturers do mention the statutorily required information about the ingredients and their levels. However, the consuming public appears least concerned with amounts of food appropriate for their weight and activity levels. There is a big gap in the sensible amounts of food that can be consumed to the amounts of food actually consumed on a daily basis (Young, Lisa R and Nestle, Marion; 2003, p1). Food manufacturers are the biggest culprits of health mismanagement in the United States. Individual intake of food is surreptitiously promoted by packages that invariably provide more than double the quantity of food necessary for one meal. â€Å"Foodservice establishments use larger dinner plates, larger pans to bake muffins and pizzas, and larger containers for sodas and fries† (Young, Lisa R and Nestle, Marion; 2003, p2). Customers are not inclined to measure the exact quantity of food they are supposed to consume over one meal course. Normally, food is consumed on the basis of individual likes and no statutory rules are broken if the customer consumes more of a particular food he likes. Adequate portion sizes relevant for a meal marked on the labels are not seriously noted. This state of affairs happens on a very wide scale involving a huge segment of the population anywhere in the world. However, science provides information on the portions of each food that could be safely consumed. Excess food invariably adds to the calories and sooner than later leverage disease-prone organs such as kidneys and the heart with impure blood and once set it becomes difficult to root them out. â€Å"There are short-term studies showing that controlling portion sizes helps limit calorie intake, particularly when eating high-calorie foods. What is missing from the research is whether people monitor portion sizes and consistently chooses to eat recommended serving sizes, thus consuming the appropriate amount of calories for maintaining or losing

Project team for a fictitious technology-intensive company in the year Assignment

Project team for a fictitious technology-intensive company in the year 2011 - Assignment Example (Solomon, et al., 1993). This manager’s guide contains a repeatable, institution-wide approach for the management of project teams involve in the development of software and hardware deployment projects. The practices contained here in practices are transferable to other types of projects that would benefit from project management. It provide ordered sections presenting the basic steps for formation, management and evaluation of project teams across the organisation. This guide has been developed specifically for the management of Information Technology projects. The processes with are operational do not need to follow these guidelines. The projects which qualify to use this guide should have the following characteristics: it is an independent project; lasts longer than a few person hours; requires a multidisciplinary approach; it is not task oriented; involves less than five specialists; it is meant to accomplish a complex project; may require change management process; level of risk is high in term s of financial and operational, among others (Ahmed, 2007). All the projects in the company have to be approved by the Chief Executive Officer through a justified Project Document. Depending on the type of project, the project document should clearly indicate the title of the project; aims of the project; outcomes of the project; team composition; resource plan; methodology of the project; workplan; project cost and evaluation strategy This section provides basic guidelines on the formation of IT projects .The following guidelines should be followed in forming project teams for developing software and hardware. The first stage of forming the project team is acquiring the project team. The members can be selected internally or externally as consultants. The members must be selected based on list of required skills and criteria as demanded by

Base of a book The collapse of globalism by john Ralston Saul and Essay

Base of a book The collapse of globalism by john Ralston Saul and require some Canadian input - Essay Example Therefore, the first thing that Canada would need to do in order to re-shape the economy of the country would be to lessen the American influence that is present here. In order for this to work, however, the population would have to buy into the new system as currently, American goods and services can be sold at a lesser price than Canadian ones because of the various trade agreements that are in place. One way in which Canada has attempted to keep its historical values and identity is through the Canadian content laws. These laws are in place to protect Canadian culture in the media in the face of globalization, despite how it affects the country economically. Despite this, I believe that Canada can become the country that Saul envisions if they utilize their resources properly, while keeping Canadian media and culture alive. By keeping control of the amount of American media that is allowed into Canada, the country is going a long way in protecting its identity and becoming an ethics based society. These laws in Canada show that the government of that country is highly aware of the effect that the globalization of media can have on the culture of the country. Since the government is actively attempting to limit the amount of American media that enters into the country, is it one of the few industrialized nations that have realized how destructive the global trend could be towards culture. There remains a problem, however, as cable television and twenty-four hours news organizations have made it possible for American media to make it into the hands of Canadians and people in the international community, despite any laws and regulations that are passed down. Furthermore, trade agreements like the WTO will make it even easier for this trend to continue, as more and more multinational corporations will rely on the media as they attempt to expand their hold on the global

The Impact of the Automobile on Society Research Paper

The Impact of the Automobile on Society - Research Paper Example From the discussion it is clear that in 1895, during a newspaper interview, Thomas Edison, an American inventor, stood at the edge of time and gazed into the horizon. They saw a future of unbounded potential in which the horseless carriage would reign. They added that it would only a question of time before their prophecy happened. At the time, many would have dismissed Edison as an idle dreamer. Carriages driven by horses were the main means of transportation then. As one would suspect, these were pricey and a preserve of the rich. Today, over a century after Thomas Edison pronounced their prophecy, the automobile is the dominant means of movement. This paper examines the impact of the automobile on society at a global scale. By the term "automobile" is meant widest scope to include public transit and heavy commercial vehicles.This paper declares that  the modern car was born in 1886 when Karl Benz, a German inventor, built the Benz Patent-Motorwagen. However, the car had to wait until the early 1900s to become widespread. Ford Motor Company’s Model T was one of the earliest cars to be produced en masse for the public. In the United States, cars rapidly replaced carriages and carts drawn by animals. Soon afterward, there were about ten thousand cars on American roads. It had taken much longer before cars were embraced in Europe and elsewhere in the world. The commencement of production of cars on a large scale by Henry Ford in 1914 ushered in an era of ever-increasing affordability for the automobile.

Analysis and consider future sources of change and recommendation for Essay

Analysis and consider future sources of change and recommendation for McDonals's (Hong Kong) - Essay Example The organisational dynamics of change can be evident in the form of that the communication in the organisation deteriorates. The productivity also tends to suffer and the morale of the employees goes down. On the other hand, the individual dynamics of change takes place in different ways. Even if the change is quite exciting, individuals expect a sense of loss. Change is often perceived to bring a sense of confusions and ambiguity (Telfair, 2008). Change is referred as an essential aspect for any business, especially in those business houses where innovations takes place on a continuous basis and readily acclimatise to shifts in the market (Doherty & Waterhouse, 2006). Since the year 1955, when McDonald’s was established in Des Plaines, Illinois, there are more than 30000 restaurants over 100 countries globally. It has been the largest fast service restaurant in the globe. The basic philosophy behind the successful operations of McDonald’s has been its belief that in or der to be successful, the company should be quite flexible and adept to the societal changes (McDonald’s Corporation, n.d.). Hong Kong is considered as the â€Å"food capital of the world† and has over 10000 restaurants that serve food from all around the globe. The people of Hong Kong have a cosmopolitan taste. They love to eat and enjoy foods from all around the world. McDonald’s is one particular kind of restaurant that they love to visit. With the introduction of the McDonald’s restaurant in Hong Kong, there have been changes in the product of McDonald’s for the consumers of Hong Kong (White, 2005). Change management has been evident in McDonald’s of Hong Kong as well. McDonald’s basic menu was promoted by the franchise of Hong Kong while paying less attention to introduce the products that would be more recognisable and preferable to the Chinese consumers. The food has been quite indistinguishable from the food served in Moline, Illinois or Mobile, Alabama. McDonald’s also applied the conservative approach to its breakfast items. In the year 1980, when the morning service was started, American-style items such as eggs, pancakes, muffins and hash brown potatoes were not served. The local outlets served hamburgers and fries at a standard fare for breakfast then. Its first venture into the ‘early morning food market’ was so successful that Chairman Mr. Daniel Ng didn’t want to introduce the American-style breakfast items, with a fear that if there is shift in the menu then this might alienate the consumers who were beginning to consume hamburgers and fries as their regular diet. The change to American style food happened gradually and today it is evident that most of the Hong Kongers order for breakfast that is similar to the food items ordered by the Americans (Lechner & Boli, 2004). Future Changes It is evident that the lifestyle that is emerging in Hong Kong which can be best desc ribed as postnationalist, postmodern and flamboyantly transnational (Lechner & Boli, 2004). The world is changing at a rapid pace. The eating habits of the people are changing. The change may not only be evident in the eating habits of the consumers but also in the managerial culture in the organisation. The sources of change may come from the competitors of McDonald’s, Hong Kong. The major competitors are Cafe De Coral, Burger king and Subway Sandwiches. In order to

The global shift against the death penalty Essay

The global shift against the death penalty - Essay Example by saying that the death penalties are not the trade mark of the civilized nations and should be eliminated from the laws as it is an abuse to the human rights. And no crimes will come to end by putting any person’s life to end even after committing any dreadful crime. United States is the one that break human rights itself. Though the government speaks a lot in the favor of saving human kind and ensures their protection in their course of communication with the foreign world yet it reveals concerns regarding violations of human rights in many country e.g Cuba, Iran, Afghanistan China. So its biasness towards this law is not likely to do so in near future. Q3. A number of U.S. states have suspended or abolished in practice the use of the death penalty in recent years due to cases of errors in its application. Should this situation be a factor in determining whether the death penalty should be continued? No, it does not guarantee that U.S will end the death penalty because American states will never be the follower of this abolishing of capital punishment. The suspension of states in following of this rule has a reason behind it as according to them penalty of life taking is now remained with the act of murder (in which the criminal had taken the life of the other one). Because in other crimes e.g rape the victim does not die and so criminal is not hanged till death. Q4. How do you explain the fact that the U.S. is one of the few nations in the world that actively employs the death penalty, and that the other nations are largely those with which the U.S. shares very little in common (i.e., few are U.S. allies or developed countries)? As discussed earlier, the U.S does speak of human rights and constitutional rights, but its acts are the evidence of insult of human rights themselves. The government considers the death penalty as not that much unpleasant and cruel act. Though they have reduce death penalties against the crimes of robbery rape etc to just one

Define Culture Essay Example for Free

Define Culture Essay â€Å"A person without the knowledge of their past history, origin and culture is like a tree without roots.†- Marcus Garvey. This says that a person is defined by his or her culture by the way he/she acts, thinks, and speaks. A person is defined by his or her culture by the way he or she thinks. A person see’s the world differently so the way they think and act would be distinct. They would think differently because of the different backgrounds that they have. In the story â€Å"Imagine†, it says â€Å"you may say I’m a dreamer, but I’m not the only one. I hope someday you’ll join us and the world will live as one†. John Lennon explains how people think he’s different because of what he is. He also says how people aren’t all the same but he wishes that one day we were. He wishes that one day we will all see the world the same and we would be the same. A person is defined by his or her culture by the way he or she’s history, family tree, and he or she’s way of life. A person is defined by his or her culture because it effects the way they act or speak. In the story â€Å"Where I’m From,† George States â€Å"leaf fall from the family tree† This example from the text explains that every detail, moment, or where she is from in the poem is from her family tree. It’s saying the poem are moments or cultural things that effected her or shaped her as a person. The things she shares in the poem are all from her families history or culture (family tree). Although others may argue that culture doesn’t effect your education, other people don’t always agree,because their culture has taught them everything they know.An example on how culture defines your education is that people can attend any school , but when they are being taught, they realize that it is different from what they know. In the story, â€Å"An Indian Father’s Plea,† the protagonist argues, â€Å"My son is culturally â€Å"different.† If you ask him how many months are in a year he will probably tell you 13. He will respond this way not because he doesn’t know how to count but because he was taught by our people that there are 13 full moons in a year.† This quote demonstrates that even though he is Indian, he is culturally different because his culture has taught him what he knows. Your families history, education, and your view or the way you think all contribute on how your culture defines you. It’s obvious that any person would benefit from he or she’s culture.

Implications of Single Parent Families

Implications of Single Parent Families The issue of single parenthood has been of much discussion if many societies in the recent past mainly to the increment of these families and the perceived inability of the failure of societies to stop this (Booth, Crouter 2002). In many societies, the nature of life with relations to jobs, interaction, life expectations and extended families may give rise to or create an environment that is deemed to be conducive for the existence single parents (Antecol, Bedard 2005, Ray 2010). In the view of this essay, single parent families pose different implications to different societies in the world which can again be defined by income levels, religious affiliations, geographical disposition and even technological development levels (Cheal 2003), this is to say that, there are certain implications that may be prevalently negative due in technologically advanced societies and not necessarily with the same intensity in economically deprived societies or deeply religious societies. The view held by this essay is that, generally, single parent families pose various negative implications to the societies as a whole. This essay will therefore describe what single parent families are, also, the essay will briefly discuss the rise of single parent families and provide an elaborate evaluation about the implications and lastly provide an evaluation about what could be done to deal with these implications. Single parent families Single parent families may be described as those families that have only one member of the parents being represented and not both the parent and conventionally, this may imply that either the father or the mother is absent and the children are brought up by the other parent (Cavanaugh, Fields 2006). According to Deleire, Kalil (2010), a single parent family is a family that appears normal in representation but with the absence of a resident member of the parents being either the mother or the father. It is however important to develop an understanding about what parentage means, as this will facilitate the creation of a more holistic view of the concept. This is because, while (Furlong, Cartmel 2007), viewed parents as both the man and the woman who live together and hence both take an active part in raising the children and keeping the family together, (Hantrais, Flipov, Billari 2006), notes that that is a view that is conventionally confined to straight families that leaves the homosexual parents out of its definition and is hence limited. According to Campbell et al (2008), the rise of homosexuality, especially in developed economies is increasingly ruling out the conventional definition that includes man and woman. Another view that has been taken by (Hayslip, Kaminski 2008), notes that by stating that the man and woman must be living together, the subjective problem is that these must be under one roof for most of their day or week, which is increasingly becoming impossible when the need to provide for the family increasingly leading to parents living apart as they seem to fend for their families. Could this arrangement be termed as single parentage? Probably the definition given by (Paterson 2001), is more acceptable as it brings about the psychological and physical aspect of this family composition, because, this definition views single parents as those who are physically and emotionally detached from each other and hence one or each of the parents look after all or some of the children, as the outcome of separation for the other partner. The causes The view held by Bradshaw (2003), and Deleire, Kalil (2010), is that it is not possible to understand the implications of single parent families without identifying the cause of existence of such families. The following are the causes of the rise in single parent families; First, death of the is the primary cause of these families since death of the parent deprives the family of one of the parents. Therefore in societies where terminal illnesses are prevalent or where death rates are higher, the probability of having many single parents and hence such families is also very high (Edwards 2009). But at this point it is important to note that the existence of single parent families as a result of death may only be temporary if the widow or widower remarries after a period of mourning, which may extend to a few years, therefore, single parentage only arises when there is no re-marriage. In many a society, depending on the ages of the widow (er), re-marriage may be an option, also, and this is to imply that if the marriage takes place when the children are already old and have left the house, the case of single parentage may not arise since in the view of Egeland, Carlson, Sroufe (2009), single parentage exist where children are still in the care of the par ents. Secondly, according to Hayslip, Kaminski (2008), divorce, which may be caused by a multitude of reasons, is another case for single parentage. This is because, divorce leads to estrangement of the partners and this leaves one of the partners with the duty of taking care of the children. The increased rise in divorce cases, which is caused by disagreements or as is in the recent past, mutual agreements, leads to the aforesaid single parentage. Divorce cases are on the increase in all societies both the Western and Orient, the rich and poor across the globe (Hill, Hill 2003). Third, economic reasons (Heckman 2008, Melchior et al. 2009) which come about by the need to stay apart, sometimes for weeks or months or even years hence leading one of the partners to have sole responsibility for upbringing, but this may be disputed since the other partner, mainly the man, still parents the children indirectly by sending money and issuing instructions (Hutchings et al 2007). But as noted earlier, single parentage has much to do with psychological imbalance than just the presence of one of the partners and the continued absence of one of the parents may mean that the each of the parents and even the children experience the psychological imbalance that exists (Ray 2010). Fourth, decayed moral fabric of many societies have lead to early or unwanted pregnancies which in turn leads to single mothers having to take full responsibilities of their children as the supposed fathers are either not known or are simple not ready to take responsibilities for parentage (Rimm, Rimm 2008). In this case, according to (Cheal 2003) societal vices like wartime rape cases are also immoral and when they lead to pregnancies, then single parentage arises. Fifth, religious beliefs, according to (Furlong, Cartmel 2007), some religious beliefs may lead to women having to give birth as the options of abortion is not considered and as such when this happens then they may be left to deal with child raising on their own. According to (Rimm, Rimm 2008), this belief is predominant in the Catholic denomination of the Christian faith where, even family planning methods are not entertained. Sixth, adoption cases are also on the rise and these also causing the non-biological existence of single parentage when the children are adopted by one person (Bradshaw 2003). Since most laws on adoption do not curtail this practice to the existence of both the parents (Cavanaugh, Fields 2006) and (Ray 2010), it is increasingly becoming easy to adopt by individual. Seventh, the sense of independence that is now sought after by many women who may not wish to have their own children but not under the control of anyone else has also contributed to the rise of such families (Egeland, Carlson, Sroufe (2009) and (Furlong, Cartmel 2007). The view held by this essay is that, for this to happen, the mother must be assured of their ability to take care of their children especially to provide for their material needs (Hayslip, Kaminski 2008). This is therefore a major cause for the rise in relatively developed economies where jobs can be created then in developing economies. The factors given above denote that there are many reason causing rise of single parent families and most of which are beyond the control of the parent or even the state, but, the state can, to some extent have effective measures of dealing with this situation although this may take time, for instance change the tax benefit system for single families may not be an easy process as it is political, but (Cheal 2003), notes that this can only go to a certain extent but will not hold families which are in marital problems together. The Implications As seen in the discussion above, there are various cause of single parentage and these hence mean that the implications are also many as given below; First, single parent families deprive the children of the benefits of having the other parent (McBride 2006). This according to Hall and Hall (2007), Osberg (2003), may lead to serious behavioural problems cased by the sense of deficiency, which the child realises through his/her peers. For instance, according to the research by (McLanahan 2000), lack of father figure may often lead to behavioural problems by the children, which may make them to start having problems with the law at a very early age. However, (Peele 2004), made an attempt to state that behavioural problems might be caused by any factor and not necessarily lack of the father figure, but this view has been contested by (Pounds 2007), who noted that the father figure may be found in the mother and hence, the view held here is that the child grows to note a difference between him/her with other children and it is this psychological knowledge of abnormality that makes the child to have tendencies of negative reaction and begin to be on the wrong side of the law. Secondly, as a result of having problems with the law, the government may be forced to spend a lot of money on rehabilitation and this may hence mean that in serious case scenario, the government will have to allocate more money to the social welfare department and activities at the expense of other development allocations (Tanner 2003). According to (McLanahan 2000) and (Cheal 2003), this is a major problem since the allocations to this department are not productive either in the short or the long term. According to Yarber, Sharp (2010), when children are taken into custody for correction, they may not necessarily respond positively to this custodial correction and on the contrary, they may become rebellion and the purpose will have been defeated. However, (Deleire, Kalil 2010), noted that this is a problem with less scientific ways of rehabilitation that leave children to feel like criminals than potentially productive members of the society. Thirdly, single parentage may result in unnecessary allocations of benefits to the single parents in a welfare state (Telegraph 2009, BBC News 2007 and Thisismoney 2009). This is a terrible outcome on many fronts. In the view of this essay, tax benefits on single parents bring about single families that encourage child vices as held in the first and second part above, and at the same time takes away money from the exchequer in an unproductive ways leading to serious deficit problems which the UK is facing currently (BBC News 2007). This is seen as the social problems that extend to political problems in the society and this to many a normal families becomes an unfortunate situation since it appears that single parentage is rewarded and normal parentage is punished ((Booth, Crouter 2002). According to (Rimm, Rimm 2008), the reason the benefits which lead to budgetary imbalances are unfair when given to most of the single parents is that the system will most certainly stand to be abuse d by those who know how to do so. Also it is generally impossible for the governments to know for certainty who of the single parents are in their situations in a genuine way and lastly, there will be no way of having in place a more effective control measures to compromise the parents or even to ensure that the society is trained on the importance of a normal family when there is seemingly more advantages of staying single than in a family (Wang, Benard 2004 ). Fourth, single parent families exposes the parent or the children or both to abuses especially if the parent is the mother and not the father (Deleire, Kalil 2010), this is the view that is also held by (Yarber, Sharp 2010, Rimm, Rimm 2008), who stated that when the children are left with the mother alone, chance are that the society will note the vulnerability of this entire family and those who wish to exploit them will do so in various ways (Furlong, Cartmel 2007) for instance a supposedly caring boyfriend or partner may abuse the children due to lack of real parentage attachment to them. The mothers may also be under severe abuse as a result of this and while this is not to suggest that the abuse is often physical, but they may be taken advantage of either due to their money or property after which they will be left in a sorry state (McLanahan 2000). According to (Deleire, Kalil 2010), the probability of suffering by single mothers is higher than the women in a normal relationshi p, since these single mothers and even their children are viewed to have no where to go to (Wu 2009). However, Deleire, Kalil (2010), noted that such abuses, as much as they exist in many a society, they are more prevalent in the developing than developed societies, because, in developed societies certain infrastructure exist that may discourage such instances for instance, quick police responses and CCTVs which when coupled with increased profiling, may deter violent abuses, this is not the case in the developing economies. Fifth, according to McLanahan (2000) and Swick, Williams (2010) single parent families are bound to have increased stress than a normal family due to the lack of shared responsibilities. This is a crucial problem in that, in single parent families, the lone father or mother bears all the burden of parentage, including fending for the family and looking after the children interest (Wu 2009). According to Swick, Williams (2010), this causes the parent to provide less than sufficient attention to the children and to snap at minor provocation which may affect the childs psychology due to abuses, beatings and even serious sufferings that might be inflicted on to the children who may suffer in silence (Wang, Benard 2004). While this view has also been supported by (Furlong, Cartmel 2007) and (Deleire, Kalil 2010) who noted that such parents cause problems to themselves and to their children, (Cavanaugh, Fields 2006) and (Jackson, Preston, Franke, 2010), have not supported it and they state that stress can exist more in a normal family than in a single parent family and it all depends on what the parent is doing and not the state of the parent. This is because; most single parents are resilient and can bear stress in a far better way than normal parents. Sixth as their parents are stressed, children may hence be stressed too which may affect their ability to perform well in school. This is because; children may not be able to handle the psychological pressures that come with stress, which may be translated to mean deprivation and withdrawal (Wang, Benard 2004), these children are more likely to experience serious dysfactionalities and absent-mindedness which are also psychological in nature and hence loss concentration in the classroom (Anderson A., et al 2008), however, (Wu 2009), seriously disputes this notion by stating that children in abusive but normal families are the ones who may show such tendencies as they live in the terror of abusive parents. This seem to be a more credible point of view as the children in such families are left with little option if they view, for instance, their mother to be helpless and their fathers to be monsters (Cavanaugh, Fields 2006), this may not exist in single parent families. According to (Ri mm, Rimm 2008), the main implication in this case is that the children who may wish to compare themselves to their mates, may find themselves lacking especially if they also come across teachers who talk about the parent that is not in the childs life (Jackson, Preston, Franke, 2010). According to the research conducted by (Zastrow, Karen 2009), in Denmark, on an average, the children from single parent backgrounds were found to be performing poorly in the classroom than those in the normal families, however, this research produced an interesting finding by stating that, on average, the performance was worst soon after the parents have split and as the child recovers from the shock, they, mentally accept the reality if it is explained clearly to them and their performance may improve (Wang, Benard 2004). (McLanahan 2000), took a very different point of view by stating that childs performance has nothing to do with their family set-ups but everything to do with the schools that they are studying in, because, good schools which are sought after produced an average of better results with higher grades for every child (Melchior et al. 2009) as opposed to the average schools. Seventh, according to (Furlong, Cartmel 2007), single parents families may cause a spiral effect on the future generations by having children who develop greater tendencies to being single parents themselves as they grow to learn to be the mother and father of their families at the same time. This, according to (Cavanaugh, Fields 2006), is a positive implication in creating a resilient society, but, according to Yarber, Sharp (2010), the resilience is to the extent of the child being able to handle pressure in the future at work but not positive in encouraging a normal family existence (Melchior et al. 2009 ). According to (Rimm, Rimm 2008, Yarber, Sharp 2010), the ability to act as a mother and father at the same time has nothing whatsoever to do with positive societal framework and resilience does not replace the discipline and order that can exist with the existence of both the parents, therefore, this notion of resilience is self defeating. Eighth, according to the research conducted by (Zastrow, Karen 2009) and (McLanahan 2000), single parent families face serious economic deprivation, poverty and even exposure to vices like prostitution, theft and greater likelihood of suicide. The study here was related to material problems that the single parents face and it was found that when there is shared responsibilities, the family may sustain unlike if such is not present (Rimm, Rimm 2008). This is because, in a single parent family, the source of income may be one especially in cases where one partner died or where there was unwanted pregnancy, this may lead to deprivation where children lack what they need and when this prevails, and stress comes in, the tendency to resort to extreme measures (Melchior et al. 2009). Prostitution is one of the common ways of fighting poverty when other measures seem to have failed (Jackson, Preston, Franke, 2010), also, in worse cases, suicides may be the way out of misery by both the paren t and the child(ren), and these are practices that do not only wreck the single parent family but also the normal families (Jackson, Choi, Bentler 2009). Discussion and Conclusion This essay has managed to highlight various issues that relate to single parenthood as they affect various societies. Single parenthood is a major problem that confronts all societies alike. It is the view of this essay that the implications can only be dealt with if the causes are identified. As seen in this essay, the main causes of this situation range from family disagreements to natural causes to political factors of the welfare state, these are far reaching and hence with much more greater implications and it may not be possible to adopt a single method of tackling these as the approach has to be multi faceted. The best way to tackle the problem of single parenthood is to ensure that the social and moral fabric is addressed (Rimm, Rimm 2008, Yarber, Sharp 2010), and the view of this discussion is that for this to be done, the schools must be encouraged to adopt curricula that educates and instils on the children the importance of family without seeking to find out how their families are composed, this will cause sanity to the moral thinking of the society and as the generation ages, the importance of family will be glorified (Melchior et al. 2009). Also, religious based organisations must be consulted and asked to help by having their teachings geared towards family cohesion and not family breakages, this however requires the society to be more responsive to religious calls which may not be a major issue sin many societies. Also, the rules that make divorce easy and benefiting especially to the other partner who goes to share half the wealth must be re-discussed and changes adopted (Yarber, Sharp 2010), in the UK, the mother is generally given the duty to look after the children while in the USA (Rimm, Rimm 2008), this duty is shared with the father also taking part, this is in the case of divorces, the shared responsibility may reduce the vices that children may show since they still enjoy the company and teachings of the parents. However, in the cases of death, it is obvious that there cannot be any arrangement of custodial rights for the other party as they are not there, but this calls for strengthening the community spirit, so that the whole society can be charged with the duty of taking care of the children (Booth, Crouter 2002, Yarber, Sharp 2010), of course schools can only play a limited role and the extended family needs to take an active role, yet, it must be realised that this cannot be forc ed either, however, the government can to some extent facilitate this by reducing the benefits given to the single parents who choose to do so simply to benefit from the tax benefits, this will lead to more reliance on family and lastly, foster caring should be vetted and allowed for normal families alone as a way of placing the child in a normal family and avoiding future problems (Melchior et al. 2009). Lastly, as seen from this discussion, there are more negative implications of single parent families than are positive ones, which denote that this is a societal problem that needs to be dealt with and it calls for society-wide participation to deal with it. While single parents must be cared for, care must be taken to ensure that this care is not misinterpreted and abused by others who may have other options.

The Jungle By Sinclair: A Man Of Many Colors :: essays research papers

The Jungle by Sinclair: A Man of Many Colors   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are often many sides to a person's personality. Jurgis Rudkis of Upton Sinclair's novel, The Jungle, is no exception. Rudkis is a very determined and caring person. Conversely, he is also strickened with cupidity. He has both good and evil coexisting within him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Rudkis is a very determined and directed man. He is always eager to work. He does not let anything stop him and is â€Å"confident in his ability to get work for himself, unassisted by anyone(pg.35) .† Aware that he needed money, Rudkis does anything and everything to achieve his goals. No matter what he must endure, he always manages to keep his head high and keeps striving toward his dreams. Rudkis's determination is also displayed when he tries to make a good impression on his boss. He proves he is not lazy and â€Å"promptly reports for work in the morning(pg.46) .†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Rudkis is also a caring man. His primary goal is to protect Ona, and when he reaches America, he has every confidence he can do so. He works in terrible conditions and endures many hardships merely to keep her happy. When he lost his job, he earned mony immoraly. He does not do this for himself, but for the welfare of Ona and the family. Eventhough he inevidably fails, he does everything in his power to be an ideal husband.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Rudkis, like many other good-hearted people, had to circumb to the evil powers of greed. He buys an expensive house that he could not afford. He could settele for a house of lesser value that suits his needs just as well, but he doesn't. Eventhough he is somewhat conned into buying it, his greed still convinced him. Shortly after this, he is so eager to get more money, that he starts to behave immoraly. After he lost his job due to an injury, he sinks into a life of crime as a foe of society. He becomes a mugger and a grafter.

Consecutive Numbers :: Papers

Consecutive Numbers Task 1 Problem 1 Write down 3 consecutive numbers. Square the middle one. Multiply the first and the third number. Compare the two numbers, what do you notice? Problem 2 ========= Write down two consecutive numbers. Square both of the numbers and find the difference between the squares. What do you notice? Problem 1 ========= I am going to investigate several sets of three consecutive numbers to see if the square of the middle is related to the product of the outer two numbers in any way. 9,10,11 10Â ²= 100 9x11= 99 3,4,5 I notice that the square of the middle number is always one more than the product of the other numbers. 4Â ²=16 3x5=15 18,19,20 19Â ²=361 18x20=360 1,2,3 2Â ²=4 1x3=3 30,31,32 31Â ²=961 30x32=960 1st Number 2nd Number 3rd Number 2nd number squared 1st number x 3rd number 9 10 11 100 99 3 4 5 16 15 18 19 20 361 360 1 2 3 4 3 30 31 32 961 960 I have put my results in a table so that they will be easier to analyse and compare. When you take three consecutive numbers, square the middle and multiply the outer two, the squared number will always be one more than the product of the outer two. If this rule is correct, then by using the three consecutive numbers: 101,102,103, I predict that 102Â ² will equal one more than 101x103. 101,102,103 102Â ²=10404 101x103= 10403 My prediction was correct as 102Â ², 10404, is one more than 101x103, 10403.

Botswana Essay -- Africa Culture Papers

Botswana (1)The people of Botswana are presently torn between the survival of its ancestors’ cultural traditions and the growth of an optimistic republic. Within this study, the characteristics of Batswana’s lifestyles from the past, their present conditions, and outlooks upon the country’s future will be discussed. Botswana was born a country of flourishing diversity. It was a land inhabited by nomadic Bushmen (also known as San or Basarwa) and countless numbers of different tribes, who coexisted peaceably with one another. These people of ancient times lived contentedly through the land’s provisions of plants and abundant species of animals and through prosperous trade with each other. Today, this simple way of life conflicts the nation’s potential wealth in democracy, cattle industry, diamond-mining, and other technologies. Both lifestyles have their advantages and disadvantages, a majority of which will be portrayed within this composition. Botswana is entangled in a struggle to produce what is healthiest for its country’s people and environment for the present time and for the infinite years to come. This study will explore several different hardships that Botswana is suffering and the peace that the people have maintained throughout the years. (2) Concerning Botswana’s condition, the national geography standards that this study mainly relates to focus upon places and regions and environment and society. The physical and human characteristics of Botswana will be emphasized by geographical descriptions of the land and its resources and wildlife, and by portraying the attributes of the government, cultures, religions, and everyday lives of Batswana. How culture and experience influence people’s perceptions of p... ...ricanet. "Botswana History." http://www.africanet.com/countries/botswana.htm (1997). Central Intelligence Agency Fact book. â€Å"Botswana." http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/bc.html (2 Feb. 1999). Conservation International Foundation. "Botswana." http://www.conservation.org/WEB/FIELDACT/REGIONS/AFRIREG/BOTSWANA.HTM (7 December 1998). Inter Green Services Limited. "Botswana: the mysterious soul of ancient Africa" http://www.safariweb.com/botswana/index.htm (1996). Inter knowledge Corporation. "An Introduction to Botswana." http://www.interknowledge.com/botswana/ (2 Feb. 1999). Nsereko, Daniel D. "Religious liberty and the law in Botswana." Journal of Church and State Autumn 1992: 843-862. Zich, Arthur. "Botswana: the adopted land." National Geographic December 1990: 70-97.

The Art of public speaking Essay

Chapter 1: Speaking in public Power of Public Speaking Greek Pericles: one who forms a judgment on any point but cannot explain it clearly might as well never had thought at all on the subject† Public speaking is consistently rated high on employers lists The Tradition of Public Speaking Historical people who used speaking effectively Similarities and Differences in Public Speaking and Daily Conversation Similarities Organizing your thoughts logically Tailoring your message to your audience Telling a story for maximum impact- building up your story Adapting to listener feedback Differences Speaking to groups is very highly structured Strict time restrictions Most don’t allow for question interruptions (must plan for and anticipate questions that might arise in listeners mind) Public Speaking requires more formal language No slang jargon bad grammar or curse words Highly structured Public Speaking requires a different method of delivery Proper posture, no vocalizing fillers for times ( uhh, urm, ehh) and avoid distracting mannerisms (hand talking) and verbal habits Developing confidence: In your speech class  40 % of people said public speaking was worst fear Everyone gets nervous at speaking, great speakers use this to help their speech Focus on transforming nervousness to one of positive nervousness ( controlled nervousness that helps energize a speaker for their presentation) Tricks to turn nervousness from negative to positive Get experience in speaking- the more you do it the les scary it will be  because its not new and threatening Be prepared- 1- hours for every minute spoken Pick topics that are close to you Think Positively: 5 positive thoughts for every negative one Visualize you speaking well You don’t look as nervous as you think Public Speaking and Critical Thinking Critical Thinking- focused organized thinking about such things as the logical relationships among ideas, the soundness of evidence and the difference between fact and opinion The Speech Communication Process Speaker Be enthusiastic for people to be engaged in your speech Message Have and intended message that will be actually be communicated Keep a narrowed topic Be aware of the message you are sending with your voice, appearance, gestures, facial expressions and eye contact. Don’t let your non verbal cues distract from your intended message Channel- the means by which a message is communicated by Listener-person receiving spoken messages Frame of reference- the total of the listeners knowledge, experience, goals, values, and attitudes Because the speaker and listener will never have the same meaning of a speech itll carry a different meaning for each of them Feedback- messages sent for listener to speaker Interferencee- anything impeding the communication of the message Extental- outside distracting noises or situations Internal- distractions cominmg from the inside of a listner Situation-time and place communication is going down Taioloring a speech to the context of the event (graduation, funeral, church) Public Speaking in a Multicultural World Language is the biggest barrier betweent difference in cultures Enthocentrisim- belief that ones own culture is superior Chapter 2: Ethics and Public Speaking The Importance of ethics Guidelines for ethical speaking Make sure goals are ethically sound Just because your ethical background makes you for an issue someoe who mamkes a descision against you based on their ethics doesn’t make them wrong Be fully prepared for a speech Be prepared because you not only was your time if you speak badly but you waste the individuals in the audiences’ times as well. Be Honest Hiding the truth to protect the vast community isn’t unethical but lying to protect yourself is Don’t juggle statistics, quote outa context, misrepresenting sources, painting tentative findings as finite, citing unique situations as normal representation or substitute innuendo and half-truths for proof Avoid Name calling and abusive language Name calling- the use of stereotypical labels meant to degrade and dehumanize and silence opposing sides. Using such language is a destructive social force and will also make your audience doubt you entire speech and message Plagiarism- passing off someone else’s work as your own without credit Global Plagiarism- copying an entire document or speech verbatim Patchwork Plagiarism- piecing together more than one document and passing of as your own. Can have some transitions but a vast majority is completely copied Incremental Plagiarism- failing to give credit to an author of a quotation or paraphrase of ideas Ways to stop accidental plagiarism Take note of title of document Group/person responsible for the document Date document was last updated Date site was accessed Guidelines for ethical listening Be courteous and attentive Avoid prejudging the speaker Maintain free and open expression of ideas Chapter 3: Listening Listening is Important Listening- pay close attention to and making sense of what we hear Good listening improves efficient, sales, customer satisfaction and employee morale Effective listening correlates to higher grades Listening and Critical Thinking Types of listeners Appreciative listening- listening for pleasure or enjoyment Music movies comedy Empathic listening- listening to provide emotional support for a speaker Friends, family, psychiatrist Comprehensive listening- listening to understand the message of a speaker Class room lecture, listening to directions Critical listening- listening to evaluate a message for purposes of accepting or rejoicing it Sales pitch, campaign speeches, sermons Four Causes of Poor Listening Not Concentrating Letting your mind wander and not focus on what is being said Listening too hard Trying to remember insignificant amounts of information verses the speakers main points Jumping to conclusions Instead of waiting for answers just assuming the worst and going with it Marking a speakers message as unimportant before even giving them a chance Focusing on delivery and personal appearance How to become a better Listener Take Listening Seriously Be an Active Listener Give your undivided attention to the speaker to genuinely try and understand their point of view Resist distractions Try anticipate what the speaker might say Review what the speaker has already said Don’t be Diverted by Appearance or Delivery Suspend judgment Until you hear the entire speech Set aside your own prejudices, frames of reference and desires to fully  appreciate what the speaker is trying to get across A closed mind is an empty mind Focus your Listening Listen for Main Points Listen for evidence Matched up with the main points to support them Questions to ask about evidence Is it accurate? Is it taken from objective sources? Is it relevant to the speaker’s claims? Is it sufficient to support the speaker’s point? Listen for technique Take note of any speakers techniques of delivering the speech to better your own speech techniques Developing good note taking skills Focus on important main points The key word outline- outline that briefly notes a speakers main points and supporting evidence in rough outline form Chapter 4: Giving Your First Speech Preparing Your Speech Developing your Speech Focusing Your Topic Don’t try and cover everything Stick to the time limit Developing Your Topic Be creative Only use humor if it comes natural and doesn’t offend any one Organizing the Speech Introduction Grab the interests of the audience Orient audience with subject matter of speech Body Organize either chronologically or topically Use effective transitions Limit and focus number of main points Conclusion Relate back to intro without restating Signal that you are concluding End strongly Delivering your Speech Speaking Extemporaneously (appears conversational) A hybrid between writing the whole speech and writing nothing Uses a brief structured outline but uses spontaneity to help fill in the gaps Rehearsing the Speech Presenting the Speech Starting Relaxed natural posture Look confident Plant your feet keep natural small gestures Eye contact Very important and will impress audience Voice Use inflections; don’t go over bored; don’t sound monotone Projection is key SLOW DOWN Chapter 5: Selecting a Topic and a Purpose Choosing a Topic Topics you know a lot about Draws from your own experiences and knowledge Think unusual and unique to you Topics you want to know more about Something you are interested in but have little knowledge in without research Something you have very strong opinions in Brain Storming Personal Inventory Write everything about you( hobbies, experiences, likes, opinions, everything) and decide where to go from there Clustering Make nine lists of about 4-5 entries (people places things events processes concepts natural phemonoms problems and plans) From that big list pick 3-4 entries that interest you and free- associate those out until you get a  unique interesting speech idea Internet Search Scan an online web site based encyclopedia like thing for possible topics Determining the General Purpose To inform Acting like a teacher giving a lecture To persuade Acting like a partisan or advocate Determining the Specific Purpose Narrow down into 1 sentence Tips for formulating the Specific purpose statement Write the Purpose as a complete sentence Express your purpose as a statement, not as a question Avoid Figurative Language Limit to one idea Make sure purpose isn’t vague/ general Phrasing the Central Idea Chapter 6: Analyzing the Audience Audience-Centeredness Important questions Who am I speaking to What do I want them to know/believe/or do as a result of my speech What is the most effective way to compose my speech to get this aim Your classmates as an audience The psychology of audiences People are egocentric and only care about what they are going to get from a speech Your audience will only grasp concepts in their frame of reference Demographic audience analysis Age Each generation has similar general values and experience that shape them differently from the rest Gender Men and woman are not alike in their beliefs so take account of that Religion Sexual Orientation Be inclusive and avoid derogatory terms like lifestyle and homosexual Race, ethnic and cultural Backgrounds Group Memberships BASICALLY BE GENERAL AF AND DON’T STEP ON ANYONES TOES EVER BCZ PEOPLE ARE SENSITIVE Don’t try to fully change their viewpoints just open their minds Situational audience analysis-audience analysis that focuses on situational factors such as size physical setting and the disposition of the audience to the speaker, topic, and occasion Size Larger=more formal Size effects.. Language Choice of appeals Visual aids Physical setting Disposition toward the topic Things that effect the likelihood your audience will be captivated Interest Knowledge and interest goes hand in hand Knowledge Attitude Disposition toward the speaker Talk about things you are an expert on and definitely stay away from things you cant relate to Disposition toward the occasion Don’t go against the norm of typical speeches recognized at such occasions Getting information about the audience Adapting to the audience Chapter 7: Gathering Materials Using your own knowledge and experience Doing library research Resources you should use Librarians Catalogue Reference books Encyclopedias Yearbooks Quotation books Biographical aids Newspaper and periodical databases Academic databases

Should Andrew Jackson be on the 20 dollar bill

There are obvious reasons why Andrew Jackson shouldn't be on the twenty dollar bill. There was the Indian Removal Act, the Trail of Tears, and he closed the National Bank. But, who should replace him? One western leader, President Ronald Reagan, above all others, demanded the Soviets to give up the Brezhney Doctrine and abandon the arms race, brought down the Berlin Wall, and ended the Cold War at the bargaining table and not on battlefield (2013, Ronald Reagan and the Fall of Communism).The Brezhney Doctrine was a Soviet Union foreign policy. In the first inaugural address of Andrew Jackson, he said he would observe the Indian's rights which is a consistent habit of our government but, President Jackson turned his back and forced the Cherokee to move west because he found gold in their territory which at the time was in Georgia. Over 70,000 Cherokee had to move west. Many of which died due to diseases transferred by Americans and natural everyday colds.The term â€Å"Trail of Tears † was given to the period of ten years in which over 70,000 Indians had o give up their homes and move to areas assigned to tribes in Oklahoma (Indian Removal Act of 1830, November 3, 2013). The government promised this land to them â€Å"as long as grass grows and rivers run† (Indian Removal Act of 1830, 2013). Unfortunately, the land that they were given only lasted till 1906 and then they were forced to move to other reservations. Andrew Jackson also closed the National Banks. Due to this, inflation rose and the economy collapsed.Inflation is the result of higher rices and a decrease in the purchasing power of money. With the economy collapsing came the Panic of 1837. â€Å"Tear down this wall† (Tear Down This Wall, November 7, 2013). That is what President Reagan said when tearing down the Berlin Wall. Based on intelligence reports and his own analysis, the President concluded that communism was cracking and ready to tumble. Reagan took personal control of th e new strategy. When President Reagan took down the Berlin wall, it had made communicating and traveling easier.It had also stopped communism in east Germany and started to crumble communism in Russia. Ronald Reagan forced the Soviet Union to abandon its goal of the world socialization. He did this by challenging Soviet's legitimacy, by regaining superiority in the arms race, and by using human rights as a weapon as powerful as any in the U. S. or Soviet arsenal. A severe recession set in with an inflation decreasing from 13. 5% in 1980 to 5. 1% in 1982 and unemployment exceeding 10% in October, 1982 for the first time in forty years.After he 1982 downturn, the decreased inflation rate, under 5%, sparked economic growth. It also produced one of the lowest unemployment rates in modern U. S. history. Andrew Jackson was not the best president we have had. Jackson created the Trail of Tears, the Indian Removal Act, and the closing of the National Banks. On the other hand, President Reag an made a turn for the better. He tore down the Berlin Wall stopping communism in eastern Germany and started crumbling communism in Russia, forced the Soviet Union to abandon its goal of world socialization,

Compare the ways in which each author Essay

â€Å"With the deep, unconscious sigh which not even the nearness of the telescreen could prevent him from uttering when his days work started. † In part two Winston’s love for Julia develops and his partaking in the resistance against Big Brother increases. Winston explores new emotions of love, however, we sense their failure through capture, as other party members must notice the rebellion. Part three is Winston’s punishment from his capture, where he receives a broken spirit. Both part two and three mimic each other through cause and effect as Winston’s party life develops. You can witness the change in the character by comparing the previous quotation with this example from part two, which has a cheerful tone. â€Å"The relief of seeing her was so great that he could not resist staring directly at her for several seconds† During Orwell’s structure there is no sense of time, where one day begins and ends, this is the opposite to ‘The Handmaids Tale’ because her sections are split into the structure of time but not the date. One opinion of ‘The Handmaids Tale’ is that it is a feminist novel. Critics say the women in this novel are as in today’s society, â€Å"treated as property and not human beings†. I agree with that this novel contains many feminist concerns. However personally I have not had the experience of feminism like Atwood has, so I do not believe that the majority of women are treated badly in today’s society. When Orwell’s 1984 was first released some critics read it as a negative view of the Soviet Union, this lead communists to believe that Orwell had distorted the publics view the unions achievements. In my opinion, readers may have over reacted, although I believe that Orwell wanted to draw attention to the society around him and how it could develop if no one unattended the problem. Each author’s background influenced their writings of their dystopia. Atwood, when constructing this novel was witnessing the world at a high point of radical feminism. Protests increased about abortions, the right to keep your maiden name after marriage and equal rights for women and men. All these activities had a great influence on Atwood and are portrayed through two characters. Offred’s friend Moira, a radical feminist and disliked males, blaming them for most of society’s past ills and Offred’s Mother. Offred has flashbacks of her mother’s feminist acts, her mother would gather with other feminists and burn pornography magazines. â€Å"But there were some women burning books, that’s what she was really there for† This portrays Atwood ‘s background on a high level as she has created characters based on radical feminists who were around at the time. Another area that influenced Atwood was the Victorian era and how women were treated in it. The Victorian ways and Gilead are very similar. Women were confined to a domestic homelife and if they were to journey outside, would need to be accompanied by another person. This is witnessed in ‘The Handmaid’s Tale’. Offred is accompanied by another Handmaid when doing daily routines like shopping. â€Å"We aren’t allowed to go there except in twos. This is supposed to be for our protection† Also in the Victorian era, women had no rights and pregnancy was compulsory. This is just like the Handmaids role in Gilead, meaning Atwood has taken great influence from this. During the 1980’s when the Handmaid’s Tale was written there was an increase in small religious groups, especially in the USA. The Promise Keeper groups were common at that time. Members had a massive restoration of the biblical way of life. They were committed to God, purity and building strong families as seen in the regime of Gilead. A remaining factor of this regime is the reason it was introduced because of environmental factors obstructing reproduction. AIDS, still births and miscarriages were widespread, hence why Gilead was introduced. When Atwood wrote this the ozone layer was an immense worry. Atwood portrayed her influences to their extremes with her dystopian. Orwell’s influences are completely different to Atwoods, because his novel was written nearly twenty years before Atwoods. In 1948 the Second World War had just ended leaving the promised improvement of a better lifestyle forgotten about. This brought about communists, socialist, poor housing and food rationing, forming a poverty stricken land. This can be seen in ‘1984’ as food quality is poor and only slightly improved by the addition of Victory products. ‘Victory’ produce gin, coffee and cigarettes along with others. They are second rate war products available in London and unfortunately it was the best you could receive being a party member. â€Å"The lifts that never worked, the cold water, the gritty soap, the cigarettes that came to pieces, the food with its strange evil tastes. † The largest influence can be witnessed to come from Joseph Stalin. He was based in Russia and introduced the ‘Five year plans’. The plans brought industry under state control, they decided what and how much would be produced and often unrealistic targets would be set. The first plan started in 1928 and the third finished in 1941 due to world war two. The similarity between this and the novel ‘1984’ is the conditions that Stalin’s workers had to suffer. As in ‘1984’ Stalin was often referred to by the positive euphanism of ‘Uncle Joe’ just like Orwell’s ‘Big Brother’. To the younger workers he was a protecting man, as an Uncle would be and they saw no harm in the way he treated his workers. However with the propaganda which bombarded the workers to work harder, such as labour camps, workers soon developed illness and failed to meet targets. Another similarity is that in Big Brother’s regime, disappearences were very common and unquestioned. Stalin often ordered the abolishment of workers. As seen here in ‘1984’, there is a deffinate link with Orwell’s influences and the story line. â€Å"Syme had vanished. A morning came, and he was missing from work: a few thoughtless peopple commented on his absense† Orwell was correct to an extent with his prediction of the future as a 20th century Stalin would be Saddem Hussein, because this man’s regime is similar to Oceania. His country Iraq suffered catastrophic declines in living standards causing mass poverty. This happened because the regime lent so much money it created high debt. However the borrowed money was used to finance activities such as gross corruption, invasion and human rights violations. In conclusion, both novels share themes of totalitarianism, loss of identity and survelliance to an extreme. Language plays an important part in ‘The Handmaids Tale’ and ‘1984’, it is seen as a means of control within their regime. Both authors develop similar technics by the means of allusions, slogans, euphemisms and categorisation. However, they have very different outcomes as Atwood uses religious beliefs where as Orwell conveys war-approved language, also the nature in which it is used is different. The author’s narrative styles differ in context and basic structure. Orwell sticks with war outcomes of poverty and sickness in his semantic fields too. However Atwood uses non-human nature, the body and feritility, the opposite to Orwell. The novels do become similar when ‘1984’ is at the Golden Country as Orwell’s language developes metaphorically. Conformity is portrayed in the day structure of Atwood’s novel and part one of Orwell’s. Resistance increases for both the main characters in both novels, ‘The Handmaids Tale’ at night and ‘1984’ in parts two. The novels structures are different too, as ‘1984’ is in parts each representing a different story line development. ‘The Handmaids Tale’ is in sections containing passage of time unlike ‘1984’, which has no sense of time present in its structure. The author’s influences play a massive part on the dystopian environment. Orwell was influenced by war, poverty and regimes, which is highly reflected in his novel. Margaret Atwood reflects feminism into her novel as her background contains strong feminist movements and she even portrays this within the characters Offred’s mother and Moira. The novels are very different in context of dystopian environments though they contain similarities. The authors have no similarities in the influences of their novels. This is what alters their views, the time difference that the novels were written in. However, language and structure has a great impact on the environment of the novels and the dystopian writing of the texts. Word count: 3184Bibliography Yorke Notes: The Handmaids Tale 1984 Critical perspective on The Handmaids Tale: http://www. babesinspace. net/report/reports/2000-03-17. html Critical perspectives on 1984: Class handouts. The total word count for this essay is 3,184 words.

New England and the Chesapeake Colonies Essay

When Jamestown was originally settled, and when the Mayflower landed, the colonists who emerged from the ships had huge plans and tremendous goals for what would come of their own colony. However, although both settled regions were the new homes to a majority of the English, two separate societies formed. In New England, the colonists were religious extremists hoping to form a perfect society, while gold hunters with little or no desire to create a permanent home flocked to the Chesapeake region. The colonists in the north were more concerned with family values than those in the south, whose society suffered from a great lack of women and such a high death rate that family ties were hard to keep. As time went by, the development of slavery and indentured servitude started making an autocracy of rich cash crop farmers in the Chesapeake region, while in New England continued to have a majority of small farmers, along with some fishermen and shipbuilders. The differences between the colonists’ goals, populous, and economy caused New England and the Chesapeake region to form completely separate societies. When the Pilgrims landed in New England, they had no desire other than to create a community which could worship God in the way they saw fit, which was completely different than the desire of the Chesapeake settlers, who wanted gold. The New England colonies were established by religious groups with a strong belief in God and the ability to create a perfect society under Him. They marveled in their religious conviction which allowed them to travel to a completely foreign land, and were positive that, while following their belief system, they could create the perfect mixture of religion, politics, and justice (document A). The amount of effort which the colonists in New England tried to form the perfect society – their â€Å"city upon the hill – went to such an extent that the Articles of Agreement, written in Spr ingfield, 1636, stated that â€Å"our town shall be composed of forty families† (Document D). The New England colonists were so willing to form a perfect community, that they tried to keep track of every little detail of their towns. However, in the Chesapeake region, instead of trying desperately to keep everything in order, the colonists simply wanted to search for gold and return to their home, England. The colonists who went to the Chesapeake region had signed contracts which stated that, for a specific amount of years, they would have to stay in America and search for gold. This, from the start, put a search  for wealth into the southern society. As these contracted colonists searched for gold, they were not allowed to establish true towns or grow crops that would help them survive. Also, the colonists planned on only staying within the area for long enough to find gold, and then to return back to England, causing the desire for community life to decrease. Since they did not build towns and communities as those in New England did, they did not have the same close relationships within neighborhoods grow, as it did for the Puritans. Due to the different goals the colonists had – New England settlers w anting an ideal society, and Chesapeake settlers wanting gold, their growing societies were bound to have differences. As the colonies began to grow, problems with the climate in the Chesapeake region that were not present in New England forced the different regions’ societies to differ all the more. The Chesapeake region, although a great location for defense against enemies, was, basically a swamp. The local area had hot, humid weather that, along with diseases such as malaria, caused the population to have incredibly high death rates. Families never survived long, making remarriages increasingly common and grandparents a foreign idea. To add to the colonists’ discomfort, the amount of women who moved to the area was quite a bit smaller than the amount of men. On a ship heading for Virginia in 1635, only eleven women accompanied sixty-four men (Document C). These highly disproportionate statistics caused family values to decrease; many marriages in which the woman was already pregnant started occurring more commonly and many men went their entire lives without marrying. On quite a different hand, however, the colonists in New England were fortunate enough to live in a friendly climate. Families had many children, often the number of family members reaching into the teens. Along with the fertile area, the colonists were more family oriented, in general, which aided to the ir wish for a model society. More often than in the Chesapeake region, entire families would flock to the New World, making the number of males relatively equal to the number of males (Document B). This allowed for families to be more connected; children in New England were more able to connect with their families, grandparents, and communities than those of the settlers in the Chesapeake region. The terrible climate which caused death to be common in the Chesapeake region, along with the small amount of women, caused its society to differ from that of the colonists in  New England which had large numbers of children and strong family values. As the colonists in the South realized that cash crops, such as tobacco, rice, and indigo grew incredibly well in their climate, they also realized the need for large plantations, while colonists in the North depended on fishing, shipbuilding, and small farms to survive. After a bit of experimenting, the southern colonists realized that several crops could grow exceptionally well in their swampy climate that could bring them a rather large profit. However, these crops took an extremely high amount of effort that many farmers were not willing to give. So, instead, they â€Å"hired† indentured servants to do the work for them. While these farmers received labor for several years, they also received a land claim which was given to anyone who paid for a voyage to the New World, whether he was the actual person to take the trip or not. While this brought many new people over as indentured servants, the original farmers gained more land, which allowed them to make more money. However, while the original farmers were becoming quite rich, the indentured servants, once freed, gained barely anything, and no land rights which allowed them to start their own farms. The poor ex-servants became outraged at their inability to find any sort of jobs other than working for their former masters. The southern society was quickly becoming an autocracy, since the small amount of wealthy plantation owners ruled over the poor small farmers and indentured servants. However, the ex-servants’ unrest soon became solid with Bacon’s rebellion. Suddenly, the plantation owners noticed the need for a work-force, which led to a large increase of slave imports. The most cruel and heartless business operation, which lead to an even greater separation between rich and poor in the southern autocracy, had begun. However, in New England, where large plantations were nearly impossible due to the incredible rocky terrain, fishing was discovered. The colonists discovered a large abundance of cod near their colony, which led to the creation of fishing industries, a business that turned into a very important part of New England life. Along with fishing, the fores ts surrounding the New England colonies allowed the colonists to start shipbuilding companies, which also added to the economy. However, although the fishing and shipbuilding were important to the New England economy, a majority of the people continued to grow family-sized farms. While the Chesapeake region had large plantations which made town  meetings and get-togethers nearly impossible, the sea-oriented businesses of the New England colonies allowed the towns to be more extroverted. Although both regions of colonies in the New World had originated from the same small island, almost immediately the resulting societies differed substantially. Since one group of colonists fled from their home country to avoid religious persecution, and another group fled in order to avoid an economic depression, one society started with a stronger religious bases than the other. Since one group began with families and strong values while another group began with a large group of men and few women, one society had stronger family ties while the other one worried about extinction. Since one group established an autocracy bas ed off of large plantations, and the other off of small fishing and farming communities, one society had a larger gap between poor and rich than the other. The differences between family values, population, economy, and religion between the Chesapeake region and New England caused the two regions to form extremely separate societies.

Gender Bias Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Gender Bias - Essay Example To start with, the author of the text is definitely a man. This is easy to tell since the work has been written from the third person perspective. This simply means that he is sharing experiences that are foreign to him. The author uses simple sentences and a limited description of objects, people and events. This is common among men who are unable to express their feeling accurately using words. His reference to the imagery of the â€Å"American wife† clearly shows the author is a man as all other men do in the American society (Hemingway 695). The description of how she went out to look for the cat shows the caring and compassionate nature of women while her husband accompanies her although he is unwilling. This shows that the author is a man since he clearly captures her husband’s reaction. The author explains how the woman is attracted to the hotel keeper who is described as being serious, mature and cold. The author captures the manly features that attract the woman to the hotel keeper. He states that the woman is interested in fine things, romantic dining, long hair and a cat (Hemingway 695). He describes these things as being foreign to him and could have described them better if he were a woman. The author vividly points out her husband’s interests and this could only mean that he is a man as well. This text clearly shows the plight of an African-American woman who works hard by cleaning laundry for the white people. From the beginning of the text, it can be seen that the author is a woman from the way that she describes Delia as being a hard worker and provides for her husband Sykes. On the other hand, her husband is depicted as being lazy and does not treat her well too (Hurston 697). He once played a trick on her by placing the bullwhip in her laundry. He was well aware of the fact that Delia was scare of snakes. This shows that he is

Health Care System and Policies Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Health Care System and Policies - Research Paper Example Below are significant highlights of healthcare policies in America that are sequenced in a timeline: a. 1798 – Legislatures passed the act for the establishment of federal network of hospitals to serve the sick and disabled seaman or merchant seaman. This is considered as the foundation of the current US Public Health Service (US National Library of Medicine, 2012); b. 1862 – Former President Abraham Lincoln appointed Charles M. Wetherill, a chemist, to head the Department of Agriculture and established the Bureau of Chemistry which became the foundation of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (US National Library of Medicine, 2012); c. 1871 - US government created the office of Surgeon General (formerly known as Supervising Surgeon) for the Marine Hospital Service (US National Library of Medicine, 2012); d. 1878 – Legislator passed the National Quarantine Act to focus on quarantine functions (US National Library of Medicine, 2012); e. 1887- The federal government established and opened a one-room laboratory at Staten Island tasked to conduct extensive study on diseases and inspired the creation of National Institute of Health (US National Library of Medicine, 2012); f. ... 1906 – The Pure Food and Drugs Act was legislated to regulate the safety of medicines made and sold by pharmaceutical industry (US National Library of Medicine, 2012); i. 1912 – Former President Theodore Roosevelt wanted the establishment of Children’s Bureau to deal with issues on child exploitation (US National Library of Medicine, 2012); j. 1921 – The federal government created the Bureau of India Affairs Health Division which became the foundation in the creation of Indian Health Service (US National Library of Medicine, 2012); k. 1930 - The government institutionalized the National Institutes of Health as an independent office from Public Health Service’s Hygienic Laboratory (US National Library of Medicine, 2012); l. 1935 – Legislators passed the Social Security Act (US National Library of Medicine, 2012); m. 1938 – The Federal Food Drug and Cosmetic law was legislated (US National Library of Medicine, 2012); n. 1939 - Federal pr ogram and activities on health, education and health insurance were consolidated when Federal Security Agency was established (US National Library of Medicine, 2012); o. 1946 - The government institutionalized the Communicable Disease Center which became responsible on the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (US National Library of Medicine, 2012); p. 1953 – Under the administration of former President Eisenshower, the Department of Health, Education and Welfare was established in 1953. Anent to its operational specialization, the Department of Education Organization Act was legislated to make the office totally independent. DHEW was renamed as Department of Health and Human Services officially in May 4, 1980 (US

Multiple Regression Empirical Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Multiple Regression Empirical Project - Essay Example A billion dollar increase in net exports holding consumption and direct foreign investments constant leads to 0.47 billion dollar increase in GDP. Considering consumption alone, it was found out that a billion dollar increase in consumption leads to 1.43 billion dollars increase in GDP and that consumption levels explains 99.84% of the total variations in GDP [r2 (60) = 0.9984]. Further, taking foreign direct investments alone, it was found that a billion dollar increase in foreign direct investment leads to 5.33 billion dollars increase in GDP. This model was found to be significant at 5% level of significance and that FDI explains 96.39% of the total variations in GDP Lastly, a billion dollar increase in net exports led to 17.47 billion dollars decrease in GDP and the model with NE alone was found to be significant at 5% level of significance and that NE explains 54.41% of the total variations in GDP. This study aimed at determining the impact of responsible consumption, foreign direct investments and net exports and employed the use of secondary data to proof the objectives. Different writers have argued that consumptions and investments are the key variables on which the GDP depends most. However, other variables like irresponsible consumptions, political un-rests, environmental degradation, and lack of government priorities translate to irresponsible spending are some other factors which should be taken care of for GDP to grow. GDP is the cumulative amount of goods/services which a country produces within a given year (Hall and Mishkin 1982; Hill 1992). When GDP changes, then a country is said to have experienced economic growth (if positive change) and economic melt-down (if negative growth-previous year’s performance is better than current year’s). Factors like level of consumption, direct foreign investments and net exports are some of the factors which contribute to positive GDP growth, hence economic growth (Haron 2005). High direct foreign

Students Own Experiences of Digital Technology and Implications for Research Proposal

Students Own Experiences of Digital Technology and Implications for the Design of University Education - Research Proposal Example In the last decade, higher education in Saudi Arabia has undergone a major transformation. There has been a three-fold increase in the number of universities in the last ten years. Consequentially, postgraduate students have increased in number. Along with this, improvement in the quality of education and making Saudi education come at par with the education of technologically advanced countries in terms of quality has been the major goal of Saudi universities in the 21st century. Several events have recently occurred that have reflected the increased interest of the students in Saudi Arabia in e-learning. In the year 2009, an international conference regarding cyberlearning and distance education was held in Saudi Arabia for the first time in her entire history. This led to the establishment of the Center for e-Learning and Distance Learning. This center was developed in accordance with the plan prepared by the Saudi Ministry of Higher Education that was directed at cultivating a ro bust infrastructure for the promotion of technology led education in the Universities of Saudi Arabia. Taking a look at the recent advancements that have been made in the field of education in Saudi Arabia, it becomes evident that this is a very crucial time for understanding how students’ own experiences of digital technology use in their personal lives influence their perceptions of ideal university education. Young people have conventionally been the primary users of innovation information technology (Rheingold, n.d. p. 97) â€Å"remaining at the top of Internet usage statistics and distinguishing themselves as early adopters of features such as instant messaging, peer-to-peer file sharing, and social networking tools† (Xenos and Foot, n.d.). Thus, the matter fundamentally concerns the youth and hence the future of Saudi nationals. This research will generate this information so that educationalists may be facilitated in adjusting the university education according to the aspirations of students which is conducive to the students’ increased participation and better academic performance. Provision of digital media in Saudi universities will â€Å"enhance their civic engagement, which comprises political activism, deliberation, problem-solving, and participation in shaping a culture† (Levine, n.d., p. 119).